Separation Of Church And State Essay - 1455 Words

Define Free: An Inside Look on Religion in the Workforce Is there moral truth? Where does it come from and who decides? Man? God? Do our beliefs truly matter in the face of society? Or is religion only to be kept silent in our own homes. Separation of Church and State. This statement has not only caused controversy in the â€Å"rights† a church has, but has also lessened the impact a person of faith can have on society. Separation of Church and State has been falsely identified as being a part of the first amendment, however it is directly stated in the US Constitution that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the practice of a religion or prohibiting the practice of this religion in the eyes of society. Not once is Separation of Church and State mentioned in the First Amendment. However due to this inaccurate assumption, those involved in a religious activities in public settings have been victims towards brutality and minor religious persecution. The rampant influx of religious brutality in society, especially towards employees of various professions, has brought the first amendment under flame as society is beginning to question the true validity in the idea of â€Å"freedom of religion†. Our Founding Fathers are mostly known for their pursuit towards life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. But what many Americans do not know is that our Founders were heavily religious and used their Christian ideology to form the Constitution. James Wilson, also known as â€Å"the lost Founder†Show MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a free and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church shouldRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesSeparation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint ofRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State902 Words   |  4 PagesA Closer look at the Separation of Church and State in the United States Although â€Å"God† is mentioned in the Constitution, this country was built upon the principle of separation of church and state. Despite this ideal, those elected into office: propose, pass, and deny laws based on their religious beliefs, completely disregarding the previously mentioned principle. The problem with that is that the country is so ethnically and culturally diverse that one religion representing an entire nation ofRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In gen eral, the idea of positiveRead MoreSeparation of Church and State701 Words   |  3 PagesSeparation of Church and State To understand Locke’s argument for the separation of church and state you first need to understand what the purpose of the government is. Locke stated that the government is supposed to support civil interest. These civil interests include property, life, and security. Therefore the government’s job is to protect the civil interests of the people using force lawfully. Once Locke institutes the power of the government he develops three important assumptions vitalRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written Congress shall make no law respecting an esta blishment of religion or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages We are currently living in a time where freedom of religion is guaranteed in the United States. It has been since the first amendment of the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1791. The first amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting the establishment of religion or impeding the free exercise of religion ( (Rotunda, 2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are freeRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1825 Words   |  8 PagesSeparation of church and state refers to the division of the relationship between religion and government. Various laws apply to different countries around the world about the separation of church and state. Some involve religion so much into their daily lives; it controls how their country is run. In other places, where it is not mandated as much, it becomes a problem in disputing what is and what is not right. The United States of America faces this issue as they struggle deciding what the meaningRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdirection and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, and inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. While documents have been written to help the leaders of our country, there is constant debate over what changes need to be made. Some believe that the country is falling apart while others think minor adjustments need to be made. The separation of church and state is also a topic of debate. The question of what needs to be changed and where religion falls in all of this are alwaysRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain tog ether, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. Evidence

Don t Cry By Martin Luther King Jr. - 1110 Words

Warriors Don’t Cry Essay On Monday, it was Martin Luther King Jr. Day. This day is to reflect on the past, see all the good that has been accomplished, and the work that still needs to be done for minorities. This holiday is very different for white suburban children who simply think it’s a blessing that there is no school, who are completely oblivious to the oppression that African Americans faced and continue to face today. White suburban children have probably never heard of the Little Rock Nine. If they have, it s because they had to learn about it or take an F. White suburban kids will never face the hatred and discrimination that Melba or the rest of the Little Rock Nine encountered. In the book Warriors Don’t Cry Melba and the rest of the Little Rock Nine had to overcome extraordinary obstacles that white suburban children will never have to face. Nine school children were trying to get an education and were treated inhumanely. The strength that Melba endured is inspiring. Anytime anyone comes face to face with an obstacle, it can be very difficult. It can be especially difficult if you are an African American growing up in Arkansas in the 1950’s. Melba is confronted with numerous situations that are uncomfortable even for the reader. One pivotal moment is when Melba realizes that her father cannot protect her from the white man. She realizes this when she and her family are at the grocery store and the grocer Mr. Waylan overcharges them. Melba s father wanted toShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education : An Essential Part Of The Curriculum889 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, I was in culture shock and so were they. I won t blame them to be so, as they haven t encountered such people in a crowd. The first story I read, that introduced me into the difficulty African American faced was Warriors Don t Cry by Melba Pattillo. When I read it, I was unsure if it was true until we started having a discussion over it in my ESL class. We spent a quite goo d time learning about the south. Apart from that book, I didn t really learn about other cultures. When I was in worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Laurence Dunbar s The Elevator Boy Poet 1654 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this analysis is to explore certain aspects of this century has not changed. The great Martin Luther King Jr. stated, â€Å"I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality... I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.† While King had a great mindset, some things may never change. The title of Dunbar’s poem uses the personalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Choices By Nikki Giovanna1480 Words   |  6 Pagesremaining humble through it all. In the poem, Choices, the author Nikki Giovanna displays the life of an African American with being treat unequal. Nikki Giovanna launches the first stanza in the poem with â€Å"If i can t do what i want to do then my job is to not do what i don t want to do It s not the same thing but it s the best i can do†. This illustrates African Americans having to take the less desired job because that is the only thing available to them. For example, â€Å"Thirty percent ofRead MoreThe Fight Or Flight Response1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthan just our natural instincts to survive. Big Boy’s Fight for Survival During the time of racial segregation in the United States, African Americans were perceived as a threat to the white mans power â€Å"one Southern State after another raised the cry against ‘negro domination’ and proclaimed there was an ‘unwritten law’ that justified any means to resist it† (Wells) this law had many people killed. As a prominent opponent of lynching in the United States, Ida B. Wells wrote a speech entitled â€Å"LynchRead MoreConstant or Changing Conditions That Lead to Rejection or Embracement of Continuity or Change in Lyric Trends1868 Words   |  8 Pagesto Rejection or Embracement of Continuity or Change in Lyric Trends Who would have ever predicted that the traditional 1915 song, America, I Love You (Reublin, 2004) would become Anti-Flag ¡Ã‚ ¦s North America Sucks by the year 1998? Or 1775 ¡Ã‚ ¦s The King ¡Ã‚ ¦s Regulars (History in a Song, 2004) become 2001 ¡Ã‚ ¦s Son of a Bush? Since the American Revolution of 1775 to present-day September 11th attacks and United States ¡Ã‚ ¦ war with Iraq, artists have taken advantage of their freedom of expression during conflictsRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1888 Words   |  8 Pagesmany defeats but we must not be defeated† and this phrase speaks volume in comparison to Angelou’s life story. She was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4th, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. The name Maya was given to her by her older brother, Bailey Jr. Maya Angelou is not only a sister, but also an inspirational role model, a mother, an author, a poet, a civil rights activist, and an actor. In 1969 Angelou’s world renowne d book â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† was first published. Within the bookRead MoreThe Black Of Black Religion2560 Words   |  11 Pages â€Å"†¦They were so happy to keep in ignorance and degradation, and to receive the homage and the labor of the slaves, they forget that God rules in the armies of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth, having his ears continually open to the cries, tears, and groans of his oppressed people: and being a just and holy Being will at one day appear fully in the behalf of the oppressed; for although the destruction of the oppressors God may not effect by the oppressed, yet the Lord our God will bringRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEthical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123 Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coaches for Employees 123 Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work? 124 Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces? 124 S A L S A L 5 Personality and Values 131 Personality 133 What Is Personality? 133 †¢ The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 135 †¢ The Big Five Personality Model 136 †¢Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageseffected the most enduring changes have usually been marginal to and operated outside of the normative institutions of their societies and the status 18 RASTAFARI quos of their times (for example, Jesus, Mohammed, Gandhi, Buddha, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Elijah Muhammad). Sociohistorical Conditions and the Eruption of Charisma Weber provides substantial treatment of the meaning of charisma, the personal qualities of the bearer of charisma, and the character of the charismatic communityRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSolidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress

Tule Lake Internment Camp Free Essays

string(144) " military but staffed with Nipponese Americans to make the work and supply services for the big cantonment that held 18700 Nipponese Americans\." Tule Lake Internment Camp Introduction: For my concluding paper I researched and will discourse the Nipponese internment cantonment that was located in Tule lake California during World War 2. Tule lake War Relocation Center, one of 10 concentration cantonments constructed in 1942 by the United States authorities to imprison Nipponese Americans, forcibly removed from their places on the West Coast every bit good as other parts of the United States. The Tule lake internment cantonment totaled about 18700 people, two-thirds of whom were United States citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Tule Lake Internment Camp or any similar topic only for you Order Now Executive Order 9066, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in early 1942 as a response to the onslaught on Pearl Harbor, authorized set uping an Exclusion Zone on the West Coast, from which local military governments could take certain populations under wartime exigency ( ‘Oregon Responds to World War II: Behind the Fence: Life in the Internment Camp’ , n.d. ) . The first evacuees came from the Portland and Puyallup Assembly Centers to assist with the initial set up of the cantonment, and as the cantonment grew, more people arrived from Southwestern Oregon, Western Washington and the Sacramento country in California. The cantonment began being built in April and began to be occupied by May with the 1stof the Nipponese Americans held at the cantonment. The Nipponese American’s and their households had to pack up and travel into the internment cantonments with small of their properties. They were merely allowed two bags per individual, the older kids had to transport the properties of their younger siblings who were non strong plenty to transport their ain. This limited even more of what the households could convey with them to the cantonments. Being forced out of their communities and places the Japanese Americans lost what small ownerships they may hold acquired. When the war was over and they returned place to happen out they had los t everything and had to get down over reconstructing their lives. Housing Conditionss for the Nipponese Americans: The lodging conditions the Nipponese Americans were put into were hapless. The barracks that housed the internees were merely boarded up hovels with seams open to the environment. The edifices were built by the internees and have been documented to hold one built every 10 proceedingss to maintain up with the changeless inflow of geting Nipponese Americans. The barracks merely had a military fingerstall, heavy wool covers and a coal range for heat. The barracks had no pluming or running H2O for the internees. There was no furniture provided, any chairs or chest of drawerss were built by the internees from bit wood left over from the barracks. All of the internees had to wait in lines for showers and to utilize the bathrooms for hours at a clip. It was non any easier when it came to repasts, it was similar state of affairs for all in the cantonment. Most of the wooden edifices that were the masters have fallen down or hold decayed beyond fix. For the most portion you can see the wharfs or the concrete pes print were the edifices one time stood. The concrete edifice that was the stockade is still standing every bit good as some of the original waste intervention workss but it is besides get downing to crumple. The country is a beautiful country in the state with positions of the unfastened farming area with Mt. Shasta to the South. The beauty of the country was noted by the Japanese Americans upon reaching to the cantonment as stated by Hiroshi Kashiwagi, 2003, recalls beautiful skies that he wished he could take exposures of but cameras were non allowed in the cantonment ( ‘Tule Lake Internment – Segregation Center Videos |’ , 2003. ) . The entire country in which the cantonment was situated was 1.0 ten 1.5 stat mis in the Tule Lake part. The cantonments were broken down into subdivisions that housed 300 to 500 people in a subdivision. The edifices were 20? ten 25? suites were intended for seven, 20? ten 20? suites were for five and 20? tens 16? suites were for four. Not really large and at times more people were in the edifices due to holding a larger household. The subdivisions had their ain bathroom country and shower country for everyone to utilize. They besides had a cardinal cafeteria for everyone to eat at. As you can conceive of there was uninterrupted long lines for utilizing the bathrooms and being able to eat ( ‘Oregon Responds to World War II: Behind the Fence: Life in the Internment Camp’ , n.d. ) . The first twelvemonth of the cantonments the bare castanetss barracks did non hold any insularity or Sheetrock to seal out the conditions conditions. In Tule Lake being that the country is Alpine Desert the summers can be hot and dry with blowing dust storms. The winters can be cold with big sums of blowing snow. The country is unfastened with no trees or hills to interrupt up the air current and conditions. This make the conditions tough and utmost at clip during the twelvemonth. After many months of complaining by the internees in the barracks the U.S. authorities decided to let the barracks to hold sheet stone on the walls to assist with the hapless conditions of the barracks. The roof every bit good as the floor were still left unfinished but the Nipponese Americans were happy to hold a small better conditions in the barracks. The subdivisions besides had their ain school houses for the kids who were at the cantonments. The instruction provided to the kids was basic and allowed them to non fall behind others who were non being detained by the U.S. authorities. In the internment cantonment at Tule Lake, the U.S. authorities every bit good as the local authorities took advantage of accomplishments of the Nipponese Americans being held at that place. The U.S. authorities set up builders, public-service corporation workers and its ain constabulary force overseen by the military but staffed with Nipponese Americans to make the work and supply services for the big cantonment that held 18700 Nipponese Americans. You read "Tule Lake Internment Camp" in category "Essay examples" Working within the Camp: The Nipponese Americans would besides procure their ain meat and veggies for the cantonment every bit good as for others since the land around the Tule lake country was some of most fertile dirt in the U.S. The farm land within every bit good as the husbandmans around the cantonment who took advantage of the inexpensive labour grew a assortment of veggies that included boodle, Beta vulgariss, murphies, etc. The internment cantonment besides had a big pig farm, dairy and poulet spread within the cantonment. The Nipponese detainees would work the Fieldss and pig farms, dairy and poulet spread. There was besides a processing works for the pigs where the meat was processed for the internees. The figure of Nipponese Americans employed at the cantonment included 800 undertaking farm work ; 500 building ; 400 care work forces which includes janitor and refuse disposers ; 800 repositing and other transit ; 350 cooks and cooks ‘ assistants ; and 410 wardens, firemen, and other Civic wor kers ; and at least 100 infirmary employees, a sum of 3,360 were employed out of about 13000-18700 people. As mentioned above the Japanese Americans in the cantonment held places within the cantonment and were overseen by military every bit good as local governments in Tule Lake. The work forces and adult females would work assorted places as builders, public-service corporation worker, labours, Masons, meat processors, cooks and anyplace else needed to maintain the little metropolis running every bit smooth as possible. The workers there were paid a pay that was far less than their white counter parts who besides worked in the cantonment and environing country of Tule lake. There was a little general shop in the cantonment known as the â€Å"canteen† that toilet articless and other necessities could be bought by the internees. If they had any excess money some newspapers as magazines could be purchased but most of clip no 1 could afford to purchase them. The Nipponese Americans were allowed to order vesture from Sears’s catalogs every bit good as from Woolworths and other c atalog shops. In the cantonment the internees the professionals received $ 19 a month. Average workers were paid $ 16 and labourers toiled for $ 12 a month. For the white professionals working in the cantonment such as physicians and sawboness were having $ 400 a month for the same work. This was capable that created animus within the cantonment since the internees had higher instruction degrees than the white professionals. The Nipponese Americans had no pick but to take the work or have no income at all. This type of intervention did non settle good with the internees ( ‘Tule Lake Internment – Segregation Center Videos |’ , n.d. ) . Meals provided at the Tule lake cantonment: The repasts provided to the internees was the really basic necessities for them to last. A sample of a bill of fare in the cantonment: Monday: Delta Breakfast: stewed dried fruit, farina with hot milk, French toast with sirup, chocolate, milk. Delta Lunch: baked macaroni and cheese, steamed rice, tsukemono ( pickled veggies ) , boiled fresh veggies, boodle salad, orange, staff of life, tea. Delta Dinner:fresh fried fish, boiled maize, steamed rice, pickled fresh Beta vulgariss, butterscotch sweet. Tuesday: Delta Breakfast:half Citrus paradisi, rolled oats with milk, hot bars with sirup, chocolate, java, and milk. Delta Lunch: boiled beef-spanish manner, steamed rice, tsukemono, boodle salad, apple tea. Delta Dinner: beef sukiyaki ( a kind of Nipponese chop suey ) , steamed rice, tsukemono, murphy salad, spice bar, tea. Wednesday: Delta Breakfast: stewed dried fruit, dry cereal with milk, French toast with sirup, java, tea, and milk. Delta Lunch: Boston baked beans, boiled fresh veggies, steamed rice, tsukemono, boodle salad, orange, staff of life, and tea. Delta Dinner: fried fresh fish, steamed rice, tsukemono, cole slaw, fruit Jell-O, tea ( ‘Oregon Responds to World War II: Behind the Fence: Life in the Internment Camp’ , n.d. ) . If a household had income from working they could travel to the canteen and purchase other nutrient to take back to the barracks. The nutrient they could buy was bacon, eggs, pancake mix and other meats to cook on a hot home base or on the warming range in their barracks. This was non the instance for most households since merely 45-65 % of the Nipponese Americans had employment in the cantonment. This was difficult for the little kids as they were able to smell the nutrient and would inquire their parents why they could non hold the same thing. Their parents would hold to explicate to them they could non afford to purchase those points form the canteen. It was hard for the parents and kids who could non afford to eat anything other than the repasts that were prepared in the muss hall on a day-to-day footing. The repasts many households had been accustom to before being detained were a distant memory for all of the internees. Decision: Researching and watching pictures from early 2000’s of a few of the internees when they were invited to revisit the cantonment and have their narratives documented was saddening to watch for me. I was amazed that the Nipponese Americans would even desire to return to a topographic point they were held confined against their will for 4+ old ages as kids. Many of them had lost everything they had acquired before being detained. Visiting the site for myself I could see the beauty that surrounded them that Jimi Yamaichi has described. Though being in a unfavourable state of affairs at the cantonment due to high unemployment and hapless life conditions Jimi Yamaichi still had a smiling as radius non severely of how he was treated but about thankful to hold survived and was able to do the most of bad state of affairs that our U.S. authorities handed to the Nipponese Americans during World War 2. Work Cited: Oregon Responds to World War II: Behind the Fence: Life in the Internment Camp. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved 3 June 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //arcweb.sos.state.or.us/pages/exhibits/ww2/threat/internment.htm Tule Lake Internment – Segregation Center Videos | . ( n.d. ) . Retrieved 31 May 2015, from hypertext transfer protocol: //tule-lake.com/internment/ How to cite Tule Lake Internment Camp, Essay examples

Looking For Alibrandi Analysis Essay Example For Students

Looking For Alibrandi Analysis Essay Josephine Alibrandi, a Catholic girl, narrates the novel in her final year of High school. She attends St Marthas, a wealthy catholic school in Sydneys eastern suburbs. Her academic scholarship ensures her place at the school as she is not as well off as the population of largely wealthy Anglo-Celtic girls that attend the school. Her Italian origin has been the reason for much persecution toward her in her life. Her background against the moneyed origins of her peers also provides much source of angst for Josie. She lives in the inner-city suburb of Glebe with her single mother, who takes care of her. Their rather small dwelling is the source of some embarrassment for Josie. Josie is essentially on a journey of discovery throughout the novel. This journey reveals much about herself, her family and the many lessons that she is yet to learn in her life. Her search for her own cultural identity is coupled with her struggle as a poor student among many wealthy ones. Josephine also has a number of self-esteem issues that manifest themselves throughout the novel in her perceptions of the world. These issues are further complicated by her family situation. Issues that are dealt with include:Role of The FamilyJosie is searching to discover the true nature of her family history. She comes to learn that much of what she has been told in incorrect. A number of issues that both she and her mother deal with are explained by some of her family circumstances. Her grandmother, father and mother all have a significant amount to teach her about herself and about herself. Each in their own way has the power to impart some personal experience that will assist Josie in her journey. She does come to learn, however, that these realisations can do much harm. Overall, however, her journey in regard to her family is a cathartic experience that solves many issues she was forced to deal with. Josies father, Michael Andretti, has only recently come back into life. He is introduced to us in Chapter six. While Josies mother was still pregnant he left Sydney for Adelaide. He return comes with the assertion that he does not want a complication in his life and again he seems to be deserting Josie. She confronts him about this, and his attitude does not win her affection. It seems that Michael cannot provide to Josie what she needs a stable father figure that might help her to make sense of her own identity and unique set of circumstances. However, later in Chapter 8, Michael comes to her aid and she feels proud to have him walk alongside her. Josie has long craved this feeling and her father finally provides it to her. Their relationship continues to grow stronger throughout the novel, and he tells her that If I had to choose a daughter, I would have chosen you. This remark, combined with his attitude seems to reaffirm his postion is her life. He proposes that she comes live with him in Balmain and that she becomes his adopted daughter. She is prepared to consider a name change, yet her journey of discovery dictates that she cannot leave her mother and live with Michael. He provides only part of the answer in her journey, and she realises that she cannot desert her mother. Josies grandfather, Francesco had a unique situation with his wife Josies Nonna. Being from Italy (the old country), it was customary for arranged marriages to be set up by ones parents. This is the situation that nonna found herself in. However, she committed adultery, and had a child that was not fathered by Francesco. This child if nonnas hypocrisy is a way of making up for her past sins, and a way of easing the pain of her failed marriage and the problems that have occurred in her family as a result. Josie comes to realise that many family situations tend to be passed from generation to generation and that her mother is not to blame entirely for her own situation. .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .postImageUrl , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:hover , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:visited , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:active { border:0!important; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:active , .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432 .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e2252cb23ab1f7adcc02e5b40f48432:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Myth of Buildeus EssayWhile Josie does make a great many discoveries about her family situation, she still remains unaware of many of the hardships that her mother had faced in her own life. Josie reacts badly to her mother seeing a man, and we can see that she still has much to learn. A journey of discovery inevitably involved ones family, and the issue that one discovers can often be painful as much as cathartic. This is because many of the issues open up wounds that may have otherwise not been disturbed. Cultural IssuesJosies family is part of the Italian community in Sydney. Her grandmother settled in Australia with Francesco, a man that was 15 years older than she was and with whom she had been forced into a marriage with. When they did reach Australia, the way that the Australian women behaved and their attitudes to men shocked Josies grandmother. Josie understands that her Nonnas early years were fraught with difficulty and loneliness, as she was isolated from what she had known. Josie in her discovery comes to find a parallel between certain parts of her life and that of her grandmothers. Her insecurities are essentially those of her grandmother. The traditions of the Italian community have refused to die in Josies family and she often questions some of the particular on-going ways. She says culture is nailed into you so deep you cant escape it. Josies journey of discovery essentially teaches her not to be ashamed of who she is, and to cherish the old ways of family. She comes to the realisations that her Nonna is too old to adopt new habits, and that she be appreciated for who she is. Josie realises that her Nonna went through a number of trying experiences that were not completely her own doing. In some sense she understands that fate and external factors have as much to do with the way that we live our lives as our own decisions do. Josie, however in her journey of discovery fails to make a complete understanding of tolerance of others. When she overhears a girl at her school complain about wogs she breaks her nose. This act demonstrates that Josie does not understand that the Anglo girls have also inherited much tradition, good and bad, from their parents. Parents who knew an Australia that was predominantly white have influenced the Anglo girls at the school. Only since the 1950s has Australian become the multicultural society that it is today. The girls who make racist statements are only learning this behaviour from their parents. The journey of discovery teaches us that while we make our own decisions in life, we are also victims of fate. Nonna, Josie, her family and the girls at the school are all affected by external factors beyond their control. The influence of our parents, friends and our culture will shape who we are as much as what we choose to do. RelationshipsIn her interaction with others, Josie meets a range of people with their varied standing in the social order of Sydney. Jacob Coote is local boy who lives in Redfern and goes to a Government high school. We are also introduced to John Barton, the school captain at a wealthy Catholic high school. He is also the son of a politician. In meeting these two individuals, Josie comes to discovery the class barriers that exist in society and the differences between these different groups. She comes to see the differences and the similarities between her life and that of the two boys. John has great expectation placed upon him by his family and suicide seems to only way out for him. His death is an important part of Josies discovery process as she comes to realise that while she is poor, she is also free to pursue any sort of life that she wants. Johns life, however, was pre-ordained and he had to die in order to achieve his emancipation. .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .postImageUrl , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:hover , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:visited , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:active { border:0!important; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:active , .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749 .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u689b4dc4abfec2f5be5c35e2054de749:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Image processing EssayJosie comes to see a number of contrasts in Jacob. He is tough yet sensitive and loves him family. These contradictions are mirrored in the Italian community where a woman must wear black after her husband dies, however he is allowed to remarry. Josie would like to be in love with John and to have people look at her with envy, however it is Jacob that she is attracted to. Her discovery helps her to realise who her true friends are. Josie does learn later in the novel that she is the most popular girl in the school after she is votes school captain. This comes as a shock as her social standing was something that she worried about.